The traditional focus of international and local relief agencies during complex emergencies has always been the provision of adequate food, water, shelter and basic health care, specifically mortality reduction through control of infectious diseases and promotion of child health. In the mid-1990s, however, several events focused attention on reproductive health among war-affected populations. Both the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development in Cairo and the 1995 Fourth World Conference on Women in Beijing highlighted the needs of displaced populations. A landmark study, published in 1994, showed that reproductive health services (beyond antenatal and delivery care) were rarely included in the health services available to refugees or the displaced.1 Finally, the scope and coverage of atrocities, particularly sexual violence, committed during the conflicts in the former Yugoslavia and in Rwanda drew world attention to reproductive health issues.