This debate is being held at a time when the nature of United Nations peacek...

This debate is being held at a time when the nature of United Nations peacekeeping is undergoing significant changes, with operations becoming more complex and multidimensional. The nature of peacekeeping mandates has also changed, as missions are increasingly deployed under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, are incorporating the protection of civilians and are requiring more robust and clearer rules of engagement. At the same time, efforts to resolve conflicts by peaceful means are being put to the test by new threats to global peace and security, including terrorism, piracy and transnational organized crime. The humanitarian consequences of violent conflicts for innocent civilian populations, including women and children, are alarming.