In the twenty-first century, sexual violence is, sadly, still widespread, par...

In the twenty-first century, sexual violence is, sadly, still widespread, particularly in armed conflict, including its early stages and aftermath. Unfortunately, in conflicts, national judicial and security systems are often characterized by incapacity, leading to a culture of impunity. Legal codes on sexual violence do not exist or cannot be implemented. An absence of efficient criminal procedures and institutional capacity is common. Even when laws and judicial and security institutions are in place, a selective application of laws and a lack of accountability often prevail. As a result, victims are discouraged from seeking civil remedies, and a culture of impunity prevails.