Scorecard of United States of America 2014-01-01 00:00:00

United States of America 2014
55.6

International Actions

40.1%
Security Council Actions

40.0%
Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in All Security Council Open Debates

Criteria100% of the statements made by a state during the Security Council open debates should include WPS-sensitive language.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America had 8 out of 20 Open Debates in 2014 where it made statements related to Women, Peace and Security.
Comment

WILPF/PeaceWomen themes covered:
General Women, Peace and Security: 3/20;
Conflict Prevention: 2/20;
Disarmament: 0/20;
Displacement and Humanitarian Response: 1/20;
Participation: 3/20;
Peace Processes: 0/20;
Peacekeeping: 2/20;
Protection: 6/20;
Reconstruction and Peacebuilding: 1/20;
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: 5/20;
Implementation: 2/20;
Justice, Rule of Law, SSR: 2/20;
Human Rights: 1/20.

S/PV.7289: "One way to address such challenges is to bolster funding for projects that support women’s empowerment. Such investments can support crisis recovery and stability by enabling women to contribute economically to their families and their communities."

MethodologyThe number of debates in which a state has used WPS-sensitive language at least once out of a total number of all Security Council open debates per year.

50.0%
Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in the Security Council Open Debates on the Threats Caused by Terrorist Acts

Criteria100% of the statements made by a state during the Security Council thematic open debates should include WPS-sensitive language.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America had 1 out of 2 Open Debates on the threats caused by terrorist acts in 2014 where it made statements related to Women, Peace and Security.
Comment

WILPF/PeaceWomen themes covered:
General Women, Peace and Security: 0/2;
Conflict Prevention: 0/2;
Disarmament: 0/2;
Displacement and Humanitarian Response: 0/2;
Participation: 0/2;
Peace Processes: 0/2;
Peacekeeping: 0/2;
Protection:1/2;
Reconstruction and Peacebuilding: 0/2;
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: 0/2;
Implementation: 0/2;
Justice, Rule of Law, SSR: 0/2;
Human Rights: 0/2.

S/PV.7351: "Yesterday we learned that more than 100 women and children were kidnapped and 35 people killed during a weekend raid in the northeastern Nigerian village of Gumsuri, believed to have been carried out by Boko Haram."

MethodologyThe number of debates in which a state has used WPS-sensitive language at least once out of a total number of Security Council open debates on the threats caused by terrorist acts.

20.0%
Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in the Security Council Open Debates on the Maintenance of International Peace and Security

Criteria100% of the statements made by a state during the Security Council thematic open debates should include WPS-sensitive language.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America had 1 out of 5 Open Debates on the maintenance of international peace and security in 2014 where it made statements related to Women, Peace and Security.
Comment

WILPF/PeaceWomen themes covered:
General Women, Peace and Security: 1/5;
Conflict Prevention: 0/5;
Disarmament: 0/5;
Displacement and Humanitarian Response: 0/5;
Participation: 1/5;
Peace Processes: 1/5;
Peacekeeping: 0/5;
Protection: 1/5;
Reconstruction and Peacebuilding: 0/5;
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: 1/5;
Implementation: 0/5;
Justice, Rule of Law, SSR: 0/5;
Human Rights: 0/5.

S/PV.7105: "We are becoming more proactive in including women in efforts to preserve security and make peace. We have started giving more robust peacekeeping mandates to Blue Helmets, and the peacekeepers themselves are becoming more creative in their use of technology and new tactics. All of this learning is helpful. None of it is a panacea."

MethodologyThe number of debates in which a state has used WPS-sensitive language at least once out of a total number of Security Council open debates on the maintenance of international peace and security.

0.0%
Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in the Security Council Open Debates on the Protection of Civilians

Criteria100% of the statements made by a state during the Security Council thematic open debates should include WPS-sensitive language.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America had 0 out of 1 Open Debates on the Protection of Civilians in 2014 where it made statements related to Women, Peace and Security.
MethodologyThe number of debates in which a state has used WPS-sensitive language at least once out of a total number of Security Council open debates on the protection of civilians.

100.0%
The Use of Veto

CriteriaA state should not apply its veto right.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

The United States used its veto right 0 times out of 2 vetoed draft resolutions in 2014. 

Methodology100% - No veto right was used;
75% - A state uses its veto right in less than (or equals to) 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (no gender-sensitive language);
50% - A state uses its veto right in more than 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (no gender-sensitive language);
25% - A state uses its veto right in less than (or equals to) 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (with gender-sensitive language);
0% - A state uses its veto right in more than 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (with gender-sensitive language).

30.8%
Commitments Intended to Strengthen the Implementation of the WPS Agenda

CriteriaAll WILPF/PeaceWomen themes should be covered in the WPS commitments.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisIn its statements made at the 2014 Open Debate on Women, Peace and Security, the United States of America covered the following WILPF/PeaceWomen themes:
General Women, Peace and Security
Conflict Prevention
Disarmament
Participation
Peace Processes
Protection
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
Peacekeeping
Displacement and Humanitarian Response
Human Rights
Justice, Rule of Law and Security Sector Reform
Reconstruction and Peacebuilding
Implementation
Comment

Civil Society Engagement | Financial:
The United States will commit nearly $44 million to a set of initiatives designed to empower women. The largest portion, about $17 million, will support civil society groups that focus on women in Afghanistan.
$14 million will also go to nongovernmental organisations working to make clean water more available in conflict zones, because women and girls are at higher risk of being attacked when collecting water.

Financial | UN Engagement:
$1.7 million will help fund UN activities, including Special Representative Wallstrom’s office, and $11 million will help expand literacy, job training, and maternal health services for refugee women and girls.

Policy:
Develop our own National Action Plan with determined funding to accelerate the implementation of Resolution 1325 across our government and with our partners in civil society. But as several have already said: Action plans and funding are only steps toward a larger goal.

**Note: Data is provided for 2010. No WPS commitments have been made in 2014.

MethodologyThe number of WILPF/PeaceWomen themes emphasised in a statement identifies the final percentage received by a state
Resources

"Call to Action on 2010 Commitments," WILPF/PeaceWomen

"Meeting Records," United Nations Security Council
 

35.0%
Women, Peace and Security Financing

35.0%
Balance Between UN Women Total Contribution and Arms Sales Revenue

CriteriaTotal contribution to UN Women should increase overtime while Arms Sales Revenue should decrease overtime.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Profit from Arms Transfer: $10,470,000,000

____________________________________

UN Women Government Total Contribution: $9,700,000

The United States receives 35% due to the high difference between the Arms Transfer Revenue and UN Women Total Contribution.

Comment

Profit from Arms Transfer in 2013: $7,687,000,000
__________________________________

UN Women Government Total Contribution in 2013: $8,100,000

Congressional Budget:
The FY 2014 request reflected a strategic focus on gender equality and advancing the status of women to achieve U.S. foreign policy objectives. One key example of this was an investment in programmes and activities that advanced peace and security by fully integrating women, including through the new WPS attribution, which amounted to $154.0 million.

USAID:
Of the President’s $4 billion assistance request for Iraq, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, USAID implemented $2.45 billion for economic assistance, continuing to work closely with interagency partners including the State and Defense departments, to move toward long-term stability, promote economic growth, and support democratic reforms, including the rights of women.
Of the President’s $768 million assistance request for East Asia and the Pacific, USAID implemented $593 million for programmes to support the Administration’s Asia-Pacific Rebalance by addressing critical gaps in core programmes to renew U.S. leadership, deepen economic ties, promote democratic and universal values, and strengthen diplomatic engagement.
USAID, with the Department of State, is systematically applying the USAID gender policy, the new State gender policy, and implementation plans for Women Peace and Security (WPS) and Gender-Based Violence, with the goal of integrating gender equality and women’s empowerment into all aspects of foreign assistance. Additional to the integrated programming, the budget includes $20 million for USAID’s Women’s Leadership, and WPS will support gender integration across USAID, public-private partnerships that advance the rights of women and girls, and women’s inclusion in peacebuilding.

MethodologyA grade varies depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative consistency in spendings, ratio between the arms transfer revenue and the UN Women contribution, etc.):
UN Women Contribution increases; Arms Transfer Revenue decreases (90-100%);
UN Women Contribution increases; Arms Transfer Revenue does not change (79-89%);
UN Women Contribution does not change; Arms Transfer Revenue decreases (68-78%);
UN Women Contribution does not change; Arms Transfer Revenue does not change (57-67%);
UN Women Contribution decreases; Arms Transfer Revenue decreases (46-56%);
UN Women Contribution increases; Arms Transfer Revenue increases (35-45%);
UN Women Contribution decreases; Arms Transfer Revenue does not change (24-34%);
UN Women Contribution does not change; Arms Transfer Revenue increases (13-23%);
UN Women Contribution decreases; Arms Transfer Revenue increases (0-12%).
Resources

"UN 2014 Revenue Contributions by donor," UN Women
"Importer/Exporter TIV Tables," SIPRI

72.2%
International Gender and Human Rights Indicators

71.1%
Ranking via Gender Inequality Index (GII)

CriteriaA state should be ranked first in the Gender Inequality Index (GII).
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America were ranked 55 among 188 participating countries in 2014.
Comment

HDI (Human Development Index): The United States was ranked 8th.

The United States is included in the "Very High Human Development" category.

Methodology100% is received by a state that is ranked 1st; 0% is received by a state that is ranked last.

86.5%
Ranking via Global Gender Gap Index

CriteriaA state should be ranked first in the Gender Gap Index.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America were ranked 20 among 142 participating countries in 2014.
Methodology100% is received by a state that is ranked 1st; 0% is received by a state that is ranked last.

59.1%
Ratification of International Human Rights Treaties

CriteriaA state ratifies all international human rights gender-sensitive treaties.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America has signed and possibly ratified the following International Human Rights Treaties in 2014:
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - signed
Universal Declaration of Human Rights - ratified
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - signed
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights - ratified
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - signed
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights - ratified
Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages - signed
Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages - ratified
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women - signed
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women - ratified
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women - signed
Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women - ratified
Protocol to Prevent, Supress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, to The Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime - signed
Protocol to Prevent, Supress, and Punish Trafficking in Persons, especially Women and Children, to The Convention Against Transnational Organized Crime - ratified
Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others - signed
Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others - ratified
Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War - signed
Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War - ratified
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II) - signed
Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II) - ratified
Arms Trade Treaty - signed
Arms Trade Treaty - ratified
Methodology100% is received by a state that has signed and ratified all International Human Rights Treaties. Ratification of a treaty provides a state with a full point; a signature (without ratification) provides a state with half of a point.
11 - 99-100%;
10 - 90%;
9 - 81%;
8 - 72%;
7 - 63%;
6 - 54%;
5 - 45%;
4 - 36%;
3 - 27%;
2 - 18%;
1 - 9%;
0 - 0%

61.4%
Peacekeeping Operations

22.8%
Contribution of Troops, Police and Military Experts

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in peacekeeping.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America provided 13 women out of 114 peacekeepers in 2014.
Comment

Women from the United States are on duty in the following peacekeeping missions:

MINUSMA (0),

MINUSTAH (9),

MONUSCO (1),

UNMIL (3),

UNMISS (1),

UNTSO (0).

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in peacekeeping, a state that ensures 50% of its personnel are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a score that depends on the percentage of female personnel contributed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.
Data is provided by the United Nations (Department of Peacekeeping Operations).

100.0%
Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) Allegedly Committed by Peacekeepers

CriteriaThere should be a "zero tolerance" policy with respect to sexual exploitation and abuse.
Note*: Information on SEA is gathered based on publicly available information. Official statistics are available starting from 2015.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Peacekeepers from the United States were involved in 0 out of 69 allegations against civilian, military, police and other peacekeeping personnel in 2014. 

Comment

The representative of the United States made no statements at the meetings of the Security Council on its position on the sexual exploitation and abuse committed by peacekeepers.

MethodologyIn line with the UN "zero tolerance" policy, at least one allegation of sexual abuse provides a state with 0%.
states that have not been involved in the SEA allegations receives 100%.
National Actions

43.3%
Prevention

67.0%
Partnership Between Womens Civil Society Organisations and the Government

CriteriaThere should be a funded and governmentally-supported women's civil society landscape.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Governmental support for women's civil society:
- Engagement in joint government/NGO efforts: Yes
- Funding provided by the government: Yes

The United States receives 67% because:
Even though the government is engaged in collabouration with women's civil society, it does not provide adequate financial support to women's organisations, the number of projects and conferences on the Women, Peace and Security agenda in existence is low, civil society space for rights-focused activists (i.e.: racial equality and women's reproductive health-focused activisim and advoacy) is incresingly limited, and mass-surveillance - in accordance with national security and anti-terrorisim efforts - restricts civil society freedoms (i.e.: freedom of the press, freedom of public association).

Comment

Key women's organisation's (National Organisation for Women) efforts in regard to gender issues include the following:
- Number of conferences: 1 national annual conference, with 500 local and campus affiliates in all 50 states and the District of Columbia hosting numerous conferences and events per year;
- Social services provided: advocacy for reproductive rights and justice, economic justice, ending violence against women, racial justice, LGBTQ rights, and constitutional equality, training and education, lobbying and policymaking.

Types of social support provided:
Education: Yes
Anti-violence: Yes
Women's empowerment: Yes
Gender-related training: Yes
Political participation: Yes
Anti-human trafficking: No
Women's health: Yes
Lobbying and policymaking: Yes
Fundraising: Yes

The USA hosted the following high-level events in 2014:
- CCF Civil Rights Symposium: Civil Rights for Women, 1964-2014;
- U.S. Civil Society Working Group on Women, Peace and Security’s Fourth Anniversary;
- Consultation with the Office of Global Women’s Issues, U.S. Department of State;
- Consultation with the Sexual Assault Prevention and Response Office from the United States Department of Defense;
- National NOW Conference.

**Note: The information about the high-level events has been collected using available media sources.

MethodologyWhen there is both financial support from the government and active collabouration between the government and civil society, a state receives from 80% to 100% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.);

When there is either only financial support from the government or only active collabouration between the government and civil society, a state receives from 60% to 79% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.);

When there is neither financial support from the government nor active collabouration between the government and civil society and where there are no restrictions applied on womens organisation, a state receives from 40% to 59% depending on circumstances (i.e.: kinds of services provided by civil society, etc.);

When there is neither both financial support from the government nor active collabouration between the government and civil society and when government provides services for women, a state receives from 20% to 39% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.);

When there is neither financial support from the government nor active collabouration between the government and civil society and when there are several restrictions on civil society, a state receives from 0% to 19% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.).

60.0%
Special Gender-Specific Training of Security and Law Enforcement Personnel

CriteriaSpecial gender-specific training for law enforcement and security sector should exist.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America implemented the following training standards in 2014:
Assessment of gender-sensitive training is present
Overall training objective is gender sensitive
Gender parity among trainers and trainees
Women's organisations or gender-related societal leaders are engaged to provide contextual perspective on gender within the security sector
Follow-up communication and gender-related knowledge dissemination methods are established
Comment

Department of Defense Diversity and Inclusion Strategy 2012-2017:
- "Goal 1: Ensure Leadership Commitment to an Accountable and Sustained Diversity Effort Develop structures and strategies to equip leadership with the ability to manage diversity, be accountable, and engender an inclusive work environment that cultivates innovation and optimisation within the Department."
- "Goal 3: Sustainability. Federal agencies shall develop structures and strategies to equip leaders with the ability to manage diversity, be accountable, measure results, re- fine approaches on the basis of such data, and engender a culture of inclusion."

Department of Defense Military Leadership Diversity Commission: "The Services should provide diversity leadership education and training, distinct from traditional forms of general diversity training, to service members at every level."

MethodologyThe criteria is determined in line with the UN Women guidelines (developed in partnership with the Geneva Centre for the Democratic Control of Armed Forces (DCAF) and the European Union).
5 - 100%
4 - 80%
3 - 60%
2 - 40%
1 - 20%
0 - 0%

46.2%
National Action Plan on the Implementation of UNSC Resolution 1325 bases on WPS Themes

CriteriaA state has implemented a 1325 National Action Plan. All WILPF/PeaceWomen themes should be covered.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America implements UNSC Resolution 1325 and covers following Peacewomen Themes 2014:
General Women, Peace and Security
Conflict Prevention
Disarmament
Participation
Peace Processes
Protection
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
Peacekeeping
Displacement and Humanitarian Response
Human Rights
Justice, Rule of Law and Security Sector Reform
Reconstruction and Peacebuilding
Implementation
Comment

The US NAP gives five objectives:
National Integration and Institutionalisation;
Participation in Peace Processes and Decision-Making;
Protection from Violence;
Conflict Prevention;
Access to Relief and Recovery.

The NAP contains no allocated or estimated budget. Instead, each responsible department is required to resource the actions within existing budgets. The primary implementation agencies (Department of State, Defense and USAID) are required to submit fully resourced individual implementation plans.

The US NAP is unique in setting a timeline for the three main departments in charge of implementation - Department of State, Department of Defense, and USAID – to develop their own departmental implementation plans. In August 2012 both State and USAID launched their organisational action plans. Moreover, the NAP mentions that the Interagency Policy Committee dedicated to Women, Peace and Security (WPS IPC) will later develop specific indicators for the purpose of monitoring implementation. Thus, the US NAP comes across as relatively unspecific because it delegates issues to the future. 

MethodologyThe grade is determined on the basis of a number of WILPF/PeaceWomen themes that are emphasized in a 1325 National Action Plan (NAP). A NAP that emphasizes all WILPF/PeaceWomen themes receives 100%.

0.0%
Balance between the 1325 National Action Plan (NAP) Budget and Military Expenditure.

CriteriaThe 1325 National Action Plan budget should increase overtime while military expenditure should decrease overtime.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Military Expenditure: $609,704,000,000

_________________________________

The NAP contains no allocated or estimated budget. 

Comment

Military Expenditure in 2013: $639,704,000,000
____

The NAP contains no allocated or estimated budget. Instead, each responsible department is required to resource the actions within existing budgets. The primary implementation agencies (Department of State, Defense and USAID) are required to submit fully resourced individual implementation plans.

MethodologyA grade varies depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative consistency in spendings, ratio between the NAP budget and military expenditure, etc.):

NAP Budget increases; Military Expenditure decreases (90-100%)
NAP Budget increases; Military Expenditure does not change (79-89%)
NAP Budget does not change; Military Expenditure decreases (68-78%)
NAP Budget does not change; Military Expenditure does not change (57-67%)
NAP Budget decreases; Military Expenditure decreases (46-56%)
NAP Budget increases; Military Expenditure increases (35-45%)
NAP Budget decreases; Military Expenditure does not change (24-34%)
NAP Budget does not change; Military Expenditure increases (13-23%)
NAP Budget decreases; Military Expenditure increases (1-12%)
No NAP/No NAP Budget (0%)
Resources

"SIPRI Military Expenditure Database," SIPRI
"Member States," WILPF/PeaceWomen

61.3%
Participation

38.3%
Percentage of Women's Participation in Parliament

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in Parliament.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Women made up 19.15% of the Parliament in the United States of America in 2014.

Comment

Lower: 18.3%;

Upper: 20.0%.

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in Parliament, a state that ensures 50% of its parliamentarians are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a grade that depends on the percentage of female parliamentarians employed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.

64.0%
Percentage of Women's Participation in Ministerial Positions

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in ministerial positions.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

32% of ministerial positions were held by women in the United States of America in 2014.

Comment

Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.47

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in the ministerial positions, a state that ensures 50% of its ministers are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a grade that depends on the percentage of female ministers employed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.

53.0%
Percentage of Women's Participation in Law Enforcement

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in law enforcement
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

26.5% of law enforcement positions were held by women in the United States of America in 2014.

Comment

Total law enforcement officers: 899,212

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in law enforcement, a state that ensures 50% of its law enforcement agents are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a grade that depends on the percentage of female law enforcement agents employed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.

54.2%
Percentage of Women's Participation in the Judiciary

CriteriaThere should be equal participation of women and men in the judiciary.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

27.1% of judges in the United States of America were women in 2014.

Comment

United States Supreme Court:
3 women out of 9 seats (33.3%).

Circuit Court of Appeals:
56 women out of 169 active seats (33.1%).

Federal Court Judges in the U.S.:
451 women out of 1,874 seats (24.1%).

MethodologyConsidering that there should be equal participation of men and women in the judiciary, a state that ensures 50% of its judges are females receives 100%. Otherwise, a state earns a grade that depends on the percentage of female judges employed by a state on the basis of the expected ratio.

67.0%
Percentage of Women's Participation in the Labour Force

CriteriaWomen should have equal access to employment opportunities.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Women's labour participation rate was 67%.

Comment

Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.86

Unemployment rate (percentage of female/male labour force):
Female: 7.9%;
Male: 8.2%.

Estimated earned income (PPP US$):
Female: 40,000;
Male: 40,000;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1

Legislators, senior officials, and managers (%):
Female: 43, Male: 57;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.75

Professional and technical workers (%):
Female: 55, Male: 45;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1.20

MethodologyData collected from the Gender Gap Index (GGI) on the basis of its methodology.

91.1%
Access to Education

CriteriaThere should be equal access to all levels of education.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis

Enrolment in primary education: 92%;

Enrolment in secondary education: 87%;

Enrolment in tertiary education: 94.5%.

Comment

The enrolment difference between males and females is provided below (The theoretical maximum value is 100%. Increasing trends are considered a reflection of improving coverage at the specified level of education):

Enrolment in primary education (%):
Female: 92;
Male: 92;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1

Enrolment in secondary education (%):
Female: 88;
Male: 86;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1.02

Enrolment in tertiary education (%):
Female: 110;
Male:79;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1.39

Literacy rate (%):
Female: 99;
Male: 99;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1

MethodologyData collected from the Gender Gap Index (GGI) and UNESCO, developed on the basis of their respective methodologies.

70.4%
Protection

44.4%
Presence of Gendered Perspective in Legal Framework

CriteriaGender should be mainstreamed throughout legal framework in accordance with the international law.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis Legal framework in the United States of America includes the following gender-sensitive laws and constitutional provisions in 2014:
Women and men are guaranteed the rights to vote, to hold public office, and to exercise public functions
Gender perspective incorporated into the constitution
Women and men are guaranteed the right to non-discrimination in education, employment and economic, and social activities
Women and men are guaranteed full equality in civil and business matters
Women and men are guaranteed equal rights and obligations with regard to choice of spouse, parenthood, personal rights, and command over property
Women and men are guaranteed reproductive rights
Women and men are guaranteed equal pay for equal work
Women and men are guaranteed the right to live lives free from violence
Gender sensitive laws and constitutional previsions
Comment

While gender perspectives within the legal frameworks exist, they are not always fully effective, and discrimination (i.e.: gender, racial, and economic discrimination) can cause some groups to have disproportionate challenges equally accessing justice and utilising their rights.

Legal Framework in the United States includes:
Equal Pay Act, 1963;
Civil Rights Act, 1964;
The affirmative action policy of 1965 was expanded in 1967 to cover women as well as racial minorities;
Roe v. Wade, 1973;
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission;
Sex-segregated job advertisements were declared illegal by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1968), upheld by the Supreme Court in 1973;
Title IX of the Education Amendment, 1972;
1986, in the decision of Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, sexual harassment was established as illegal and discriminatory;
The Family Medical Leave Act, 1993;
Violence Against Women Act, 1994;
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, 2009.

Presence a non-discrimination by sex clause in the constitution of the United States of America:
- The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. (Amendment XIX).

The U.S. Constitution does not guarantee equal rights for women.

Methodology8 - 100%
7 - 87.5%
6 - 75%
5 - 62.5%
4 - 50%
3 - 37.5%
2 - 25%
1 - 12.5%
0 - 0%

Necessary legal framework is determined in accordance with the principles of the core human rights treaties (i.e.: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)).

57.1%
Access to Justice

CriteriaWomen's unrestricted access to justice exists.
Analysis/Comments
Analysis The following protections are guaranteed by the United States of America in 2014:
Equal access to formal legal dispute systems and the right to legal representation
Non-discrimination law
Existence of courts and judicial bodies
Financial affordability of access to legal proceedings and/or legal aid
Free access to an interpreter during legal proceedings
Victim protection
Existence of gender units within justice institutions
Comment

While legal frameworks exist, they are not always fully effective, and discrimination (i.e.: gender, racial, and economic discrimination) can cause some groups to have disproportionate challenges equally accessing justice and utilising their rights.

Legal Framework in the United States includes:
Equal Pay Act, 1963;
Civil Rights Act, 1964;
The affirmative action policy of 1965 was expanded in 1967 to cover women as well as racial minorities;
Roe v. Wade, 1973;
Equal Employment Opportunity Commission;
Sex-segregated job advertisements were declared illegal by the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (1968), upheld by the Supreme Court in 1973;
Title IX of the Education Amendment, 1972;
1986, in the decision of Meritor Savings Bank v. Vinson, sexual harassment was established as illegal and discriminatory;
The Family Medical Leave Act, 1993;
Violence Against Women Act, 1994;
Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, 2009.

Presence of gender perspective in the constitution of the United States of America:
- The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. (Amendment XIX).

MethodologyThe necessary protections represent the CEDAW standard on women's access to justice.
7 - 100%
6 - 85%
5 - 70%
4 - 55%
3 - 40%
2 - 25%
1 - 10%
0 - 0%"

100.0%
Protections Against Human Trafficking

CriteriaA state should be in compliance with minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking in persons.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America in 2014 is in:
Complete compliance with the minimum standards
Partial compliance with the minimum standards
Non-compliance with the minimum standards
Comment

The U.S. government fully complies with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. Federal law enforcement prosecuted more cases than in the previous reporting period, obtained convictions of sex and labour trafficking offenders, and continued to strengthen training efforts of government officials at the federal, state, and tribal levels. Likewise, there were reports of increased prosecutions at the state level; each of the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and all U.S. territories have enacted anti-trafficking laws. The federal government continued to provide multi-faceted support for comprehensive victim services, including a pathway to citizenship and access to legal services.

MethodologyAdherence is measured in accordance with the “Palermo Protocols” and grading system developed by the US state Department’s annual report on trafficking in persons.
Full compliance: 100%
Partial Compliance: 50%
Non-Compliance: 0%

80.0%
Protections Against Sexual Violence.

CriteriaA state should be in compliance with minimum standards for the elimination of sexual violence.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America in 2014 has the following services in place:
Existence of a law against sexual violence
Governmental efforts to eliminate sexual violence nationally
Existence of a national crisis hotline
Existence of women's shelters
Existence of women's rape crisis centres
Comment

Number of women's shelters: 67,646 (data based on point-in-time census data via the National Network to End Domestic Violence).

MethodologyThe standard is derived from the CEDAW and Istanbul Convention.
5 - 100%
4 - 80%
3 - 60%
2 - 40%
1 - 20%
0 - 0%

61.1%
Recovery Support

80.0%
Implementation of Dedicated Programmes Serving the Needs of Veterans

CriteriaDedicated programmes for female veterans should be in place.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America in 2014 provides the following services:
Female veterans affairs offices exist in urban and rural areas
Economic benefits (i.e. disability, housing) exist
Health service benefits (i.e. free veterans health insurance, gender-sensitive PTSD care) exist
Educational benefits exist
Employment services exist
Comment

While veterans services for women veterans exist, the quality of service, outreach to engage female veterans in service access and utalisation, and the availability of gender-sensitive services at all locations are not fully effective.

MethodologyThe standard is determined in line with the international concept of the responsibility to protect. A state receives a full point only when it is in full compliance with the determined obligation.
5 - 100%
4 - 80%
3 - 60%
2 - 40%
1 - 20%
0 - 0%

50.0%
Implementation of Dedicated Programmes to Support Survivors of Sexual Violence

CriteriaDedicated programmes for survivors of sexual violence should be in place.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America in 2014 provides the following services:
National crisis hotline
Women's shelters
Women's rape crisis centres
Counseling services
National sex-offender list or website
Support groups for victims/survivors
Comment

While specialised services to support victims/survivors of sexual violence exist, the service quality, resource provision, geographic availability, adequate service availability based on national demand, and the functionality of national mechanism are not fully effective. 

MethodologyThe standard is determined in line with the CEDAW, Istanbul Convention and Beijing Platform for Action. A state receives a full point only when it is in full compliance with the determined obligation.
6 - 100%
5 - 83%
4 - 66%
3 - 49%
2 - 32%
1 - 15%
0 - 0%.

57.1%
Implementation of Dedicated Programmes to Support Survivors of Human Trafficking

CriteriaDedicated programmes for urvivors of human trafficking should be in place.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America in 2014 provides the following services:
Human trafficking hotline
Human trafficking shelter
Basic necessities (food, clothing, housing, etc.)
Health services
Legal services
Job training programmes
Educational services
Comment

While specialised services to support victims/survivors of human trafficking exist, the service quality, resource provision, geographic availability, adequate service availability based on national demand, and the functionality of national mechanism are not fully effective. 

There is a shelter crisis for trafficking victims in the United States. The Home Foundation estimates that there are less than 100 beds nationally for an estimated 100,000 annually identified trafficking victims. Placing trafficking victims in existing homeless or domestic violence shelters is not an adequate solution due to the unique needs of this population.

MethodologyThe standard is determined in line with Palermo Protocol and Beijing Platform for Action. A state receives a full point only when it is in full compliance with the determined obligation.
7 - 100%
6 - 85%
5 - 70%
4 - 55%
3 - 40%
2 - 25%
1 - 10%
0 - 0%

Resources

"Trafficking in Persons Report: 2014," U.S. Department of State

57.1%
Implementation Dedicated Programmes to Support Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)

CriteriaDedicated programmes for refugees, asylum seekers, and IDPs should be in place.
Analysis/Comments
AnalysisThe United States of America in 2014 provides the following services:
State refugee/IDP strategy exists
Basic necessities (food, clothing, housing, etc.) are provided
Health services are available
Legal services are available
Job training programmes are available
Educational services are available
Community engagement/integration programmes are available
Comment

While a wide range of services and resources are made available to refugees, asylum seekers, and IDPs, these services are usually provided by local service providers, therefore making these services and resources less available in some geographic locations.

A total of 69,975 persons were admitted to the United States as refugees during 2014.

According to the US Homeland Security, 33,208 (47.5%) female refugees were admitted into the United States.

MethodologyThe standard is determined in line with the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) recommendations. A state receives a full point only when it is in full compliance with the determined obligation.
7 - 100%
6 - 85%
5 - 70%
4 - 55%
3 - 40%
2 - 25%
1 - 10%
0 - 0%