Scorecard of France 2013-01-01 00:00:00
All indicators
41.8%Security Council Actions
53.3%Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in All Security Council Open Debates
0.0%Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in the Security Council Open Debates on the Threats Caused by Terrorist Acts
0.0%Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in the Security Council Open Debates on the Maintenance of International Peace and Security
66.7%Inclusion of WPS-sensitive Language in the Security Council Open Debates on the Protection of Civilians
WILPF/PeaceWomen themes covered:
General Women, Peace and Security: 0/3;
Conflict Prevention: 0/3;
Disarmament: 0/3;
Displacement and Humanitarian Response: 0/3;
Participation: 0/3;
Peace Processes: 0/3;
Peacekeeping: 0/3;
Protection:2/3;
Reconstruction and Peacebuilding: 0/3;
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: 1/3;
Implementation: 0/3;
Justice, Rule of Law, SSR: 0/3;
Human Rights: 0/3.
S/PV.7003: "Women journalists are often the deliberately targeted victims of harassment and sexual violence."
100.0%The Use of Veto
France used its veto right 0 times out of 0 vetoed draft resolutions in 2013.
75% - A state uses its veto right in less than (or equals to) 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (no gender-sensitive language);
50% - A state uses its veto right in more than 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (no gender-sensitive language);
25% - A state uses its veto right in less than (or equals to) 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (with gender-sensitive language);
0% - A state uses its veto right in more than 50% of vetoed draft resolutions (with gender-sensitive language).
30.8%Commitments Intended to Strengthen the Implementation of the WPS Agenda
Implementation:
Implementation of 1325 National Plan of Action adopted in October 2010.
Protection:
France was instrumental in recasting operational documents of the European Security and Defence Policy to include protection of women in conflict situations and promotion of their role with respect to emerging from crisis.
**Note: Data is provided for 2010. No WPS commitments have been made in 2013.
35.0%Women, Peace and Security Financing
35.0%Balance Between UN Women Total Contribution and Arms Sales Revenue
Arms Transfer Revenue: $1,511,000,000
_________________________________________
UN Women Government Total Contribution: $2,200,000
France receives 35% due to the high difference between the Arms Transfer Revenue and UN Women Total Contribution.
Arms Transfer Revenue in 2012: $1,025,000,000
_________________________________________
UN Women Government Total Contribution in 2012: $1,900,000
Other WPS-related projects that France has contributed to:
- Implementation of a “Fighting violence against women” programme in partnership with UN Women for Algeria, Morocco, Jordan, Mali, Niger and Cameroon (€1.5 million, 2011-2013). A technical expert was made available to UN Women in Jordan.
- Implementation of a “Gender and Social Cohesion” programme (€1.3 million, 2013-2016) on the employment of young men and women in Morocco, Tunisia, Egypt, in partnership with UN Women;
- Implementation of a programme on girls’ education and the fight against gender violence in schools in French-speaking Africa (€3.3 in 2012-2013 in partnership with UNICEF, Mali, Côte d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso);
- In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, since 2012 the French Embassy in Kinshasa provided over €2 million to projects implemented by Congolese NGOs aiming to combat sexual violence, to promote the participation of women in decision-making processes and the socio-economic insertion of vulnerable women. France supports Panzi hospital which is dedicated to victims of sexual attacks (allocation of €200,000 and 2 tons of medicine in 2013), and Female Solidarity for Integrated Peace and Development (SOFEPADI) (over €90,000 since 2011) in order to support it in its work of raising awareness, providing legal aid and reintegrating women who have been victims of violence. It also supports the development by Médecins du Monde of a community mental health programme in North Kivu province within the framework of the fight against sexual violence (€500,000 for 2011-2013). It also supported the reform of legal institutions in the DRC (support for drawing up a new criminal code and formulating the national action plan for improving health conditions in prisons in particular).
- In the Central African Republic, France is providing financing to UNICEF (programme to protect children against violence and the recruitment by armed groups, €150,000 in 2013). In 2013 in Mali, extra funds (€600,000) were allocated to projects for promoting the rights of women and supporting local women’s associations.
UN Women Contribution increases; Arms Transfer Revenue decreases (90-100%);
UN Women Contribution increases; Arms Transfer Revenue does not change (79-89%);
UN Women Contribution does not change; Arms Transfer Revenue decreases (68-78%);
UN Women Contribution does not change; Arms Transfer Revenue does not change (57-67%);
UN Women Contribution decreases; Arms Transfer Revenue decreases (46-56%);
UN Women Contribution increases; Arms Transfer Revenue increases (35-45%);
UN Women Contribution decreases; Arms Transfer Revenue does not change (24-34%);
UN Women Contribution does not change; Arms Transfer Revenue increases (13-23%);
UN Women Contribution decreases; Arms Transfer Revenue increases (0-12%).
87.2%International Gender and Human Rights Indicators
94.1%Ranking via Gender Inequality Index (GII)
HDI (Human Development Index):
France was ranked 20th.
France is included in the "Very High Human Development" category.
67.4%Ranking via Global Gender Gap Index
100.0%Ratification of International Human Rights Treaties
11 - 99-100%;
10 - 90%;
9 - 81%;
8 - 72%;
7 - 63%;
6 - 54%;
5 - 45%;
4 - 36%;
3 - 27%;
2 - 18%;
1 - 9%;
0 - 0%
International HR Documents:
"International Standards," OHCHR
Status of Ratifications:
"Multilateral Treaties Deposited with the Secretary-General: Status of Treaties," United Nations Treaty Collection
"Status of Ratifications: Interactive Dashboard," OHCHR
4.8%Peacekeeping Operations
9.6%Contribution of Troops, Police and Military Experts
Women from France are on duty in the following peacekeeping missions:
MINURSO (0),
MINUSTAH (1),
MONUSCO (0),
UNIFIL (45),
UNMIL (0),
UNOCI (0),
UNTSO (0).
Data is provided by the United Nations (Department of Peacekeeping Operations).
0.0%Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA) Allegedly Committed by Peacekeepers
Note*: Information on SEA is gathered based on publicly available information. Official statistics are available starting from 2015.
Peacekeepers from France were involved in (approximately) 2 out of 52 allegations against civilian, military, police and other peacekeeping personnel in 2013.
Information on allegations (2013-2014) has not been delivered to the national authorities on time. Instead, information about the Allegations was passed from desk to desk, inbox to inbox, across multiple UN offices, with no one willing to take responsibility to address the serious human rights violations. Indeed, even when the French government became aware of the Allegations and requested the cooperation of UN staff in its investigation, these requests were met with resistance and became bogged down in formalities. Staff became overly concerned with whether the Allegations had been improperly “leaked” to the French authorities and focused on protocols rather than action.
Following the recent damaging revelations of French soldiers sexually abusing children in Central African Republic, French prosecutors immediately suspended ten soldiers while further investigations are undertaken (UN CAR Review Report, 2015).
S/PV.6903: "The integration of women into the police and the army will make it possible to enhance the fight against sexual violence and to promote human rights within those institutions."
states that have not been involved in the SEA allegations receives 100%.
"Meeting Records," United Nations Security Council.
"Allegations by Category of Personnel Per Year (Sexual Exploitation and Abuse)," United Nations Conduct and Discipline Unit.
Deschmaps, Marie, Hassan B. Jallow, Jasmin Sooka, "Taking Action on Sexual Exploitation and
Abuse by Peacekeepers," 2015.United Nations
"UN finds more cases of child abuse by European troops in CAR," January 269, 2016, Guardian
"Ban Ki-moon says sexual abuse in UN peacekeeping is 'a cancer in our system'," Guardian, Augsut 13, 2015.
"Timeline of UN Peacekeeper Sexual Abuse Cases," Child Rights International Network
49.2%Prevention
83.0%Partnership Between Womens Civil Society Organisations and the Government
Governmental support for women's civil society:
- Engagement in joint government/NGO efforts: Yes
- Funding provided by the government: Yes
France receives 83% because:
Even though the government is engaged in collaboration with women's civil society, financial support to women's organisations is inadequate, the number of projects on the Women, Peace and Security agenda in existence is low, and the civil society's influence on governmental decision-making is low.
Key women's organisation's (Women's Lobby - French Coordination) efforts in regard to gender issues include the following:
- Number of conferences: 15+;
- Number of publications: 1 (annual report);
- Social services provided: coordination, networking, and policy championing between national NGOs, international NGOs, and governments.
Types of social support provided:
Education: Yes
Anti-violence: Yes
Women's empowerment: Yes
Gender-related training: Yes
Political participation: Yes
Anti-human trafficking: Yes
Women's health: Yes
Lobbying and policymaking: No
Fundraising: No
France hosted the following high-level events in 2013:
- Conference on the rights of LGBT persons in Europe;
- International Women's Day Event.
**Note: The information about the high-level events has been collected using available media sources.
When there is either only financial support from the government or only active collabouration between the government and civil society, a state receives from 60% to 79% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.);
When there is neither financial support from the government nor active collabouration between the government and civil society and where there are no restrictions applied on womens organisation, a state receives from 40% to 59% depending on circumstances (i.e.: kinds of services provided by civil society, etc.);
When there is neither both financial support from the government nor active collabouration between the government and civil society and when government provides services for women, a state receives from 20% to 39% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.);
When there is neither financial support from the government nor active collabouration between the government and civil society and when there are several restrictions on civil society, a state receives from 0% to 19% depending on circumstances (i.e.: positive/negative assessment; decrease/increase in the number of projects, etc.).
60.0%Special Gender-Specific Training of Security and Law Enforcement Personnel
5 - 100%
4 - 80%
3 - 60%
2 - 40%
1 - 20%
0 - 0%
"National Action Plan For France: Implementation of the 'Women, Peace and Security' resolutions of the United Nations Security Council," WILPF/PeaceWomen
Valasek, Kristin, Agneta M. Johannsen, Megan Bastick. "Gender and Security," UN Women
"The Paris Action Plan," Government of France
"Draft European Union handbook of best police practices on overcoming attrition in domestic violence cases," Council of the European Union
53.8%National Action Plan on the Implementation of UNSC Resolution 1325 bases on WPS Themes
French NAP was launched in 2010. Main objectives are:
1. Protecting women against violence and working to ensure respect for their fundamental rights;
2. Participation of women in managing conflict and post-conflict situations;
3. Raising awareness of respect for women’s rights in training programmes;
4. Developing political and diplomatic action.
The French NAP specifies France’s action towards fulfilling the goals of UNSCR 1325. It calls for inter-ministerial and inter-institutional coordination to fulfill these goals, and includes the plan for fulfilling general European goals concerning women, peace, and security.
The NAP does not include an allocated or an estimated budget. No indicators or actions are included that formulate strategies for fundraising, detail what level of funding is required for which specific activities, or what accountability mechanisms will ensure funding is raised and used in implementing the NAP.
0.0%Balance between the 1325 National Action Plan (NAP) Budget and Military Expenditure.
Military Expenditure: $62,417,000,000
______
The NAP does not include an allocated or an estimated budget.
Military Expenditure in 2012: $60,035,000,000
______
The NAP does not include an allocated or an estimated budget. No indicators or actions are included that formulate strategies for fundraising, detail what level of funding is required for which specific activities, or what accountability mechanisms will ensure funding is raised and used in implementing the NAP.
NAP Budget increases; Military Expenditure decreases (90-100%)
NAP Budget increases; Military Expenditure does not change (79-89%)
NAP Budget does not change; Military Expenditure decreases (68-78%)
NAP Budget does not change; Military Expenditure does not change (57-67%)
NAP Budget decreases; Military Expenditure decreases (46-56%)
NAP Budget increases; Military Expenditure increases (35-45%)
NAP Budget decreases; Military Expenditure does not change (24-34%)
NAP Budget does not change; Military Expenditure increases (13-23%)
NAP Budget decreases; Military Expenditure increases (1-12%)
No NAP/No NAP Budget (0%)
57.8%Participation
48.0%Percentage of Women's Participation in Parliament
Women made up 24.55% of the Parliament.
Lower: 26.9%;
Upper: 22.2%.
42.0%Percentage of Women's Participation in Ministerial Positions
21% of ministerial positions were held by women.
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.26.
35.8%Percentage of Women's Participation in Law Enforcement
17.9% of law enforcement positions were held by women.
**Note: Data is available for 2010.
68.0%Percentage of Women's Participation in the Judiciary
64.2% of judges in France were women.
Total number of professional judges: 5771
Women: 3705;
Men: 2066.
Professional judges sitting in First instance Courts:
Women: 3142,86;
Men: 3142,86.
Professional judges sitting in Second instance Courts:
Women: 908,22
Men: 786,68
Professional judges sitting in Supreme Courts:
Women:153
Men: 223
65.0%Percentage of Women's Participation in the Labour Force
Women's labour participation rate was 65%.
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.88.
Estimated earned income (PPP US$):
Female: 27,651;
Male: 40,000;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.69.
Legislators, senior officials, and managers (%):
Female: 39, Male: 61;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.63.
Professional and technical workers (%):
Female: 47, Male: 53;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 0.89.
Gender Pay Gap:
In France, the average female employee earns 14.7% less than the average male employee.
88.0%Access to Education
Enrolment in primary education: 99%;
Enrolment in secondary education: 100%;
Enrolment in tertiary education: 65%.
The enrolment difference between males and females is provided below (The theoretical maximum value is 100%. Increasing trends are considered a reflection of improving coverage at the specified level of education):
Literacy rate (%):
Female: 99;
Male: 98;
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1.
Enrolment in primary education
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1.
Enrolment in secondary education
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1.02.
Enrolment in tertiary education
Ratio (0 = Inequality, 1 = Equality): 1.26.
71.8%Protection
55.6%Presence of Gendered Perspective in Legal Framework
While gender perspectives within the legal frameworks exist, they are not always fully effective, and discrimination (i.e.: gender, racial, and economic discrimination) can cause some groups to have disproportionate challenges equally accessing justice and utilising their rights.
Legislation adopted requiring the French government to pay for all legal abortions as well as contraception for adolescent girls between the ages of 15 and 18 (2013).
7 - 87.5%
6 - 75%
5 - 62.5%
4 - 50%
3 - 37.5%
2 - 25%
1 - 12.5%
0 - 0%
Necessary legal framework is determined in accordance with the principles of the core human rights treaties (i.e.: the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), the International Covenant on Civil and political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)).
"The current situation of gender equality in France – Country Profile 2013," The European Commission
"Does the constitution take at least one approach to gender equality?," World Policy Center
"Global Gender Equality Constitutional Database," UN Women
"Constitution of 4 October 1958," Constitutional Counsel"Constitutional Provisions on Women's Equality," Library of Congress
"France: Law on Violence Against Women," Library of Congress
"France and Sexual and Reproductive Health," Ministry of Gender Affairs
"France," Social Institutions and Gender Index
71.4%Access to Justice
While legal frameworks exist, they are not always fully effective, and discrimination (i.e.: gender, racial, and economic discrimination) can cause some groups to have disproportionate challenges equally accessing justice and utilising their rights.
7 - 100%
6 - 85%
5 - 70%
4 - 55%
3 - 40%
2 - 25%
1 - 10%
0 - 0%"
100.0%Protections Against Human Trafficking
The government of France fully complies with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking. The government sustained funding for a network of shelters offering comprehensive care to trafficking victims, and identified more victims of pimping and sex trafficking. However, authorities continued to focus primarily on sex trafficking, with limited attention provided to forced labour offenses. The government lacked formal referral procedures for victims who were citizens or legal residents. The government provided limited resources to identifying victims of labour exploitation.
Full compliance: 100%
Partial Compliance: 50%
Non-Compliance: 0%
60.0%Protections Against Sexual Violence.
While specialised services to support victims/survivors of sexual violence exist, the service quality, resource provision, geographic availability, adequate service availability based on national demand, and the functionality of national mechanism are not fully effective.
5 - 100%
4 - 80%
3 - 60%
2 - 40%
1 - 20%
0 - 0%
60.5%Recovery Support
80.0%Implementation of Dedicated Programmes Serving the Needs of Veterans
While veterans services for women veterans exist, the quality of service, outreach to engage female veterans in service access and utalisation, and the availability of gender-sensitive services at all locations are not fully effective.
Issues remain in unequal access and utilisation of services for women and men.
5 - 100%
4 - 80%
3 - 60%
2 - 40%
1 - 20%
0 - 0%
33.3%Implementation of Dedicated Programmes to Support Survivors of Sexual Violence
While specialised services to support victims/survivors of sexual violence exist, the service quality, resource provision, geographic availability, adequate service availability based on national demand, and the functionality of national mechanism are not fully effective.
1 national helpline and 66 regional helplines specified to provide service for victims of domestic violence as well as for professionals working with women affected by violence.
52 women’s shelters providing specified services for women survivors of violence.
Available statistics showed that domestic violence claimed the lives of 121 women in France (Council of Europe).
All of the shelters accept children of the survivors accommodated in the shelters, allowing more than six-month stay for women and their children. the shelters receive some level of state funding.
6 - 100%
5 - 83%
4 - 66%
3 - 49%
2 - 32%
1 - 15%
0 - 0%.
71.4%Implementation of Dedicated Programmes to Support Survivors of Human Trafficking
While specialised services to support victims/survivors of human trafficking exist, the service quality, resource provision, geographic availability, adequate service availability based on national demand, and the functionality of national mechanism are not fully effective.
Shelters located throughout France allowed NGOs to place victims far away from where they were exploited. Local governments provided French language classes to victims. Some victims could qualify for subsidised housing and job training programmes. Victims receive the equivalent of approximately $450 as an initial stipend from the government, and approximately $130 per month subsequently. NGOs objected that the financial stipend was insufficient to permit victims to rehabilitate successfully. Victims had to wait an average of 14 days for access to a shelter, a decline from the average 40-day wait in 2011. The central and municipal governments also partially funded the operation of a shelter in Paris and a small number of emergency apartments. Child protective services placed child victims of trafficking into children’s shelters. The government continued to operate a hotline for children in abusive situations, including human trafficking.
7 - 100%
6 - 85%
5 - 70%
4 - 55%
3 - 40%
2 - 25%
1 - 10%
0 - 0%
"Report concerning the implementation of the Council of Europe Convention on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings by France." GRETA: Group of Experts on Action against Trafficking in Human Beings & Council of Europe
"Trafficking in Persons Report: 2015," U.S. Department of State
"The Policy on Gender Equality in France," The European Parliament
"Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime," UNCHR
57.1%Implementation Dedicated Programmes to Support Refugees, Asylum Seekers, and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
While a wide range of services and resources are made available to refugees, asylum seekers, and IDPs, these services are usually provided by local service providers, therefore making these services and resources less available in some geographic locations.
Total population of refugees, stateless persons, IDPs, and asylum-seekers: 285,466;
Gender/age breakdown of the total numbers of applicants in 2013: 34.66%.
7 - 100%
6 - 85%
5 - 70%
4 - 55%
3 - 40%
2 - 25%
1 - 10%
0 - 0%
"Refugee Resettlement in France," SHARE
"France by the government of France," UNHCR
"Migrant Access to Social Security and Healthcare in France," Council of Europe
"Global Trends: Forced Displacement in 2015," UNHCR
"France: Migrants, Asylum Seekers Abused and Destitute," Human Rights Watch
"UNHCR Global Trends 2013," UNHCR
WILPF/PeaceWomen themes covered:
General Women, Peace and Security: 3/15;
Conflict Prevention: 2/15;
Disarmament: 0/15;
Displacement and Humanitarian Response: 1/15;
Participation: 4/15;
Peace Processes: 3/15;
Peacekeeping: 3/15;
Protection: 7/15;
Reconstruction and Peacebuilding: 0/15;
Sexual and Gender-Based Violence: 3/15;
Implementation: 2/15;
Justice, Rule of Law, SSR: 2/15;
Human Rights: 3/15.
S/PV.6948: "With respect to sanctions, in order for victims to no longer be stigmatised for the crimes they have suffered, we must do away with impunity for sexual violence."