Security Council Debate on the Situation in the Great Lakes Region: DRC and the Great Lakes, July 2013

Friday, July 26, 2013

Overview

On Thursday July 25th, 2013, the Security Council held a ministerial level debate on the Situation in the Great Lakes Region and the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) under the presidency of the United States. The main focus was the Secretary-General's Report on the implementation of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic of the Congo and the Region (S/2013/387) dated 28 June 2013. A Presidential Statement (S/PRST/2013/11) was adopted.

United States Secretary of State John Kerry opened the debate and was followed by the briefings of the President of the World Bank Group, Jim Yong Kim, and the Secretary-General's Special Envoy for the Great Lakes Region, Mary Robinson. Multiple Member States, as well as the African Union, also addressed the Council.

Gender Analysis

Several Member States in addition to the briefings of John Kerry, Jim Yong Kim, and Mary Robinson made gender references to issues including sexual violence and the need for women's participation in peace processes. None of the above speakers explicitly mentioned any of the resolutions on women, peace and security: Resolutions 1325 (2000), 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009), 1960 (2010), or 2106 (2013). However, the Secretary-General's Special Envoy for the Great Lakes Region Mary Robinson emphasized the need for women-led initiatives to implement the Peace, Security, and Cooperation Framework for the DRC and reported that over 100 women from the region met in Bujumbura, Burundi to suggest benchmarks and indicators for the Framework. In addition, President of the World Bank Group Jim Yong Kim acknowledged that the active participation of women in the peace process would lead to a decrease in sexual and gender-based violence.

While several Member States, such as Togo and France, discussed sexual violence and rape as a weapon of war, Australia stressed the particular need for women's participation in security sector reform, disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration processes, and the implementation of the Framework. Furthermore, the DRC promised to engage an inclusive process that will involve significant representation of women as part of the nation's priority to strengthen national cohesion.

General Analysis

Additional topics articulated during the debate included the inextricable link between development and peace as well as the need for DRC's economic integration and growth. Affirming points made during the Open Debate on the Maintenance of International Peace and Security, dated 19 June 2013, several Member States acknowledged the exploitation of natural resources as a root cause of the ongoing conflict in the region. US Secretary of State John Kerry also communicated that all parties must immediately end their support of rebel groups and hold human rights abusers accountable in order to end the era of impunity. Moreover, multiple representatives welcomed the operationalization of the MONUSCO-led intervention brigade as an effort to neutralize all armed groups in the eastern provinces of the DRC and the larger Great Lakes region.

Statements

Member States who spoke at the debate included representatives of: Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, China, Democratic Republic of the Congo, France, Guatemala, Luxembourg, Morocco, Pakistan, Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Togo, Uganda, United Kingdom, and the United States.

UN and Civil Society representatives at the debate included: Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon, United States Secretary of State John Kerry, President of the World Bank Group Jim Yong Kim, and the Secretary-General's Special Envoy for the Great Lakes Region Mary Robinson. The representative of the African Union delegation also delivered a statement.


*States and representatives who referenced gender are in bold.

Please choose

General Women, Peace and Security
  • Speaker

    Secretary-General of the United Nations
  • Extracts

    Two significant regional meetings took place recently, with positive outcomes that I would like to share. The first was the regional consultation on women, peace, security and development in the Great Lakes Region, which I organized, in collaboration with Femmes Africa Solidarité and the ICGLR, from 9 to 11 July in Bujumbura, Burundi. More than 100 women leaders from signatory countries of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework attended the conference, including the Gender Ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi.

  • Country

    Guatemala
  • Extracts

    In conclusion, I would like to refer to the fact that, just a month ago, we met here in the Chamber to adopt resolution 2106 (2013), on sexual violence against women and children in armed conflict (see S/PV.6984). In line with resolution 2098 (2013), that meeting, which was held under the presidency of the United Kingdom, was fundamental. We should not forget the words expressed then, which would serve as a guide for peace in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Disarmament
  • Country

    Australia
  • Extracts

    Women's participation and leadership in both the security sector reform and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes is essential to long-term peace. So, too, is their direct engagement in the implementation of the Framework. Special Envoy Robinson's work to ensure their full and effective participation, including through the recent Bujumbura Conference is long overdue, prospective and reassuring.

Participation
  • Speaker

    World Bank
  • Extracts

    I would like to add that all of our assistance will be informed by a gender perspective. We will provide additional resources for programmes to address sexual and gender-based violence, as well as assistance for basic health services for vulnerable women and children through networks of health centres. The economic empowerment of women, as well as the promotion and protection of their rights and increased voice, all have important roles in reducing violence. We will also expand our assistance for networks of regional public health laboratories to allow countries to develop and share specific expertise. That has been very successful to date. I am pleased to inform the Council that in two weeks our Board of Directors will consider the first project under the initiative, that is, the Rusumo Falls hydroelectric dam.

  • Speaker

    Secretary-General of the United Nations
  • Extracts

    I will continue to encourage women-led initiatives in the region through the establishment of a communications platform, through which experts and donors could provide technical advice and funds to women's projects in support of the “framework of hope”.

  • Speaker

    Secretary-General of the United Nations
  • Extracts

    I will soon come back to the Council with further elements for the implementation of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework, which will be built on three critical pillars: political and security, humanitarian and development. Elements of this strategy will include sustained confidence-building measures among leaders in the region, joint efforts with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for MONUSCO and international partners to support the national dialogue process in Democratic Republic of the Congo; cross-border development projects, with a strong focus on civil society, youth and women's groups; and modalities to support difficult mediation, building on the Kampala dialogue, within the limits of my mandate, including strict compliance with international human rights and humanitarian law.

  • Speaker

    Secretary-General of the United Nations
  • Extracts

    Members will recall that I made it clear from the beginning that, as Special Envoy, I intended to implement a top-down and bottom-up comprehensive approach, whereby I will be working, on the one hand, with political leaders and, on the other, with the people of the region to encourage peace, security and development. It was important to listen to the Great Lakes women's perspectives on the peace process, as women represent the majority of the population of the region and are, together with children, the first victims of the ongoing conflict. I gave them the opportunity to suggest possible benchmarks and indicators, which were later submitted to the technical support committee for consideration.

  • Speaker

    Secretary-General of the United Nations
  • Extracts

    Two significant regional meetings took place recently, with positive outcomes that I would like to share. The first was the regional consultation on women, peace, security and development in the Great Lakes Region, which I organized, in collaboration with Femmes Africa Solidarité and the ICGLR, from 9 to 11 July in Bujumbura, Burundi. More than 100 women leaders from signatory countries of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework attended the conference, including the Gender Ministers of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Rwanda, Uganda and Burundi.

  • Country

    Australia
  • Extracts

    Women's participation and leadership in both the security sector reform and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes is essential to long-term peace. So, too, is their direct engagement in the implementation of the Framework. Special Envoy Robinson's work to ensure their full and effective participation, including through the recent Bujumbura Conference is long overdue, prospective and reassuring.

  • Country

    Congo (Kinshasa)
  • Extracts

    Moreover, upon the initiative of the President of the Republic, national consultations are to begin in August. Their purpose is to endeavour together to find ways and means to enhance national unity in order to better cope with all of the challenges facing the Congolese nation. In an effort to be inclusive, the forum will gather together, in addition to national and provincial political institutions, political parties of all persuasions, civil society in all its diversity, and a significant representation of women and youth. Its preparation and administration has been entrusted to a presidium consisting of the President of the Senate — a leader well known to the opposition, on whose behalf he was elected to his post — and the President of the National Assembly, a functionary of the presidential majority.

Peace Processes
  • Speaker

    Secretary-General of the United Nations
  • Extracts

    Members will recall that I made it clear from the beginning that, as Special Envoy, I intended to implement a top-down and bottom-up comprehensive approach, whereby I will be working, on the one hand, with political leaders and, on the other, with the people of the region to encourage peace, security and development. It was important to listen to the Great Lakes women's perspectives on the peace process, as women represent the majority of the population of the region and are, together with children, the first victims of the ongoing conflict. I gave them the opportunity to suggest possible benchmarks and indicators, which were later submitted to the technical support committee for consideration.

Protection
  • Speaker

    World Bank
  • Extracts

    I would like to add that all of our assistance will be informed by a gender perspective. We will provide additional resources for programmes to address sexual and gender-based violence, as well as assistance for basic health services for vulnerable women and children through networks of health centres. The economic empowerment of women, as well as the promotion and protection of their rights and increased voice, all have important roles in reducing violence. We will also expand our assistance for networks of regional public health laboratories to allow countries to develop and share specific expertise. That has been very successful to date. I am pleased to inform the Council that in two weeks our Board of Directors will consider the first project under the initiative, that is, the Rusumo Falls hydroelectric dam.

  • Country

    Luxembourg
  • Extracts

    We should recall that the signing of the Framework was accompanied by an overhaul of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), including by the establishment of the Force Intervention Brigade. The deterrent effect of the Brigade has already been felt on the ground, and we welcome that. In line with resolution 2098 (2013), the Brigade will have a key role to play in helping to achieve the goal of reducing the threat that armed groups pose to the authority of the State and the safety of civilians in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. In general, support for security sector reform and the protection of civilians, especially women and children, must remain at the heart of MONUSCO's mandate.

Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
  • Speaker

    World Bank
  • Extracts

    I would like to add that all of our assistance will be informed by a gender perspective. We will provide additional resources for programmes to address sexual and gender-based violence, as well as assistance for basic health services for vulnerable women and children through networks of health centres. The economic empowerment of women, as well as the promotion and protection of their rights and increased voice, all have important roles in reducing violence. We will also expand our assistance for networks of regional public health laboratories to allow countries to develop and share specific expertise. That has been very successful to date. I am pleased to inform the Council that in two weeks our Board of Directors will consider the first project under the initiative, that is, the Rusumo Falls hydroelectric dam.

  • Country

    France
  • Extracts

    Another key aspect of resolution 2098 (2013) is that of sexual violence, which continues to see widespread use as a weapon of war, usually with total impunity. Here we welcome the initiative of Ms. Mary Robinson to convene, jointly with the International Conference on the Great Lakes Region, a conference devoted to the role of women in the process of implementation of the Framework agreement. We know that in that region the bodies of women are all too often the battlefields of men, and, as President Kim noted earlier, that is a blot on our conscience.

  • Country

    Guatemala
  • Extracts

    In conclusion, I would like to refer to the fact that, just a month ago, we met here in the Chamber to adopt resolution 2106 (2013), on sexual violence against women and children in armed conflict (see S/PV.6984). In line with resolution 2098 (2013), that meeting, which was held under the presidency of the United Kingdom, was fundamental. We should not forget the words expressed then, which would serve as a guide for peace in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Human Rights
  • Country

    Argentina
  • Extracts

    We believe that the vulnerable situation of displaced persons and refugees requires immediate humanitarian action. But the right of all men and women to a dignified life will come about only through initiatives such as that led by the Governments of the region, the United Nations, the World Bank and other partners and donors that will contribute to setting in motion infrastructure and development projects and projects that advance sustainable economic growth and social inclusion that will include, as Ms. Robinson remarked, include human rights, gender perspectives, the integration of youth and child protection. By the same token, the legal, legitimate, just, responsible and transparent management and exploitation of natural resources is key for peace and sustainable development.

Justice, Rule of Law and Security Sector Reform
  • Country

    Australia
  • Extracts

    Women's participation and leadership in both the security sector reform and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes is essential to long-term peace. So, too, is their direct engagement in the implementation of the Framework. Special Envoy Robinson's work to ensure their full and effective participation, including through the recent Bujumbura Conference is long overdue, prospective and reassuring.

  • Country

    Luxembourg
  • Extracts

    We should recall that the signing of the Framework was accompanied by an overhaul of the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO), including by the establishment of the Force Intervention Brigade. The deterrent effect of the Brigade has already been felt on the ground, and we welcome that. In line with resolution 2098 (2013), the Brigade will have a key role to play in helping to achieve the goal of reducing the threat that armed groups pose to the authority of the State and the safety of civilians in the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. In general, support for security sector reform and the protection of civilians, especially women and children, must remain at the heart of MONUSCO's mandate.

Implementation
  • Speaker

    Secretary-General of the United Nations
  • Extracts

    I will soon come back to the Council with further elements for the implementation of the Peace, Security and Cooperation Framework, which will be built on three critical pillars: political and security, humanitarian and development. Elements of this strategy will include sustained confidence-building measures among leaders in the region, joint efforts with the Special Representative of the Secretary-General for MONUSCO and international partners to support the national dialogue process in Democratic Republic of the Congo; cross-border development projects, with a strong focus on civil society, youth and women's groups; and modalities to support difficult mediation, building on the Kampala dialogue, within the limits of my mandate, including strict compliance with international human rights and humanitarian law.

  • Country

    Congo (Kinshasa)
  • Extracts

    Moreover, upon the initiative of the President of the Republic, national consultations are to begin in August. Their purpose is to endeavour together to find ways and means to enhance national unity in order to better cope with all of the challenges facing the Congolese nation. In an effort to be inclusive, the forum will gather together, in addition to national and provincial political institutions, political parties of all persuasions, civil society in all its diversity, and a significant representation of women and youth. Its preparation and administration has been entrusted to a presidium consisting of the President of the Senate — a leader well known to the opposition, on whose behalf he was elected to his post — and the President of the National Assembly, a functionary of the presidential majority.